The Dangers Of Cigarette Smoking Essay - 1669 Words

People smoke cigarettes for various reasons. Some smoke only when they are drinking alcohol and others smoke regularly. The level of smoking among the regular smokers varies from individual to individual. There are those who smoke a cigarette or two during the day and their others who smoke at least a pack a day. How people start to smoke varies. The main entry point however is peer pressure. Many smokers came to be introduced to the habit at a young age in either high school or in college or to better state it, while in that age group. Over the years, cigarette smoking has become associated with lung cancer, other forms of cancer and health issues. The number of deaths that come as a direct result of smoking has been very high. The families of those affected are left without their loved ones and with their financials significantly depleted from attempts at treatment. It is these health concerns about cigarettes that makes it an interesting topic that needs to be looked at from a historical microscope. Origins of Cigarette Cigarettes seem to have originated from parts of Mexico and Central America in the 9th century (Proctor, 2012). Some of the famous tribes and people known to have smoked cigarettes are the Aztecs and the Mayas. According to Proctor (2012) they smoked tobacco and other drugs with psychedelic effects when they performed religious rituals. This is actions have been depicted on their temples and pottery. In North America, tobaccos started being grown as aShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of Smoking Cigarettes786 Words   |  4 PagesDangers of Smoking Cigarettes are everywhere. They’re sold in almost every gas station, pharmaceutical store, and even ordinary grocery stores in the United States. Cigarettes have endorsements from celebrities, big tobacco companies, advertised on billboards, and through commercials. Smoking is a problem because it causes diseases which cost billions of dollars a year in healthcare. It is also the leading cause of diseases and deaths in the US. Smoking cigarettes is an unhealthy habit that unfortunelyRead MoreThe Dangers Of Cigarette Smoking1417 Words   |  6 Pagesrisks of smoking (Doll 1998). Links between smoking and malignancy of the lip and mouth were made as early as 1795 (Sà ¶mmering), with more recent studies linking smoking with lung cancer and vascular disease (Doll 1950, Doyle 1962). Smoking was initially an accepted ‘social norm’ in society, viewed simply as a glamourous habit, with little attention paid to tobacco’s addictive nature (Cummings 2016). The conc ept of physical, and more so psychological, addiction in relation to cigarette smoking is a relativelyRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking Cigarette Smoking Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome popular around the globe, such as cigarette, cigar, e-cigarette, and chewing tobacco. The origin of the tobacco plant was in North and South America where the American Indian utilized tobacco for religious and medical purposes. Later on, many forms of tobacco have been created and harmful substances have been integrated in. After world war 1, the use of cigarette became significantly notorious. Several decades later in 1964, the hazards of smoking cigarette became known to the public (Boston universityRead MoreThe Dangers of Cigarette Smoking1040 Words   |  5 PagesCigarette smoking is a dangerous habit that most users regret starting on. Nowadays, smoking can cause health problems for any human. Whether or not cigarette smoking should be banned completely, has become an object of controversy in many countries. Some people think that smoking cigarettes are a helpful way to reduce stress for the moment. In my point of view, tobacco smoking has seriously negative effects such as smoking-related cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, cancer and it costsRead MoreA Study On Death Rates Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing accompanied by Lagavulin 21 scotch or smoking a cigarette after a fulfilling dinner. Stress fallows everyone and ways to coping the pressure can be tremendous and dangerous to our health for example smoking of the cigarette. Smoking is a kind of reliance depending upon the opiate effect of nicotine on the brain and tangible framework. Cigarette smoke is tremendously hurtful to your health. There is no sheltered approach to smoke. Supplanting your cigarette with a stogie, channel, or hookah wouldRead MoreEssay On Cigarettes Should Be Banned707 Words   |  3 PagesIf you had the chance to save your own life, or even the lives of everyone around you, would you take it? Choosing to light another cigarette is choosing to commit another murder and taking another stab at your lungs. Smoking is the cause of one in five deaths each year in the United States alone. Since cigarettes can be considered a mass murder, they should be banned. They are dangerous to smokers and everybody around them, and that makes them vulnerable to secondhand smoke. Smokers are more proneRead MoreEffects of Banning Smoking Advertising Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Banning Smoking Advertising Cigarettes are some of the most abused drugs in the world and the effects associated with smoking have greatly influenced the intervention of health professionals concerning the legality of smoking advertisements. Ethical and legal issues have come up over the essence of restricting or completely banning cigarette advertising to reduce the number of affected individuals. Cigarettes have since time immemorial been established to cause a wide range of infectionsRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes Vs. Conventional Cigarettes928 Words   |  4 PagesAn e-cigarette is a device that some are using as their alternative to smoking a traditional cigarette. Using electronic cigarettes is commonly known to the younger demographic as â€Å"vaping†. The theory? It’s a stepping stone to ultimately stopping the addictive habit of smoking altogether; by offering an alternative that is supposedly less damaging in the long run. According to the National Institute Drug Abuse website (2015 ), the outer structure can either resemble a â€Å"traditional† cigarette orRead MoreTobacco And Its Effects On The American Economy968 Words   |  4 Pageshand-rolled a cigarette or stogie. On the normal, individuals smoked around 40 cigarettes a year. The principal business cigarettes were made in 1865 by Washington Duke on his 300-section of land ranch in Raleigh, North Carolina. His hand-rolled cigarettes were sold to warriors toward the end of the Civil War. It was not until James Bonsack concocted the cigarette-production machine in 1881 that cigarette smoking got to be broad. Bonsack s cigarette machine could make 120,000 cigarettes a day. He startedRead MoreThe Cipollone Vs. Liggett Group, Inc. Case Against Three Tobacco Companies749 Words   |  3 PagesCipollone, due to lung cancer. Mr. Cipollone claims that the tobacco companies had failed to inform his wife of the risks that came with smoking. The jury agreed that the tobacco companies had failed to warn smokers of the dangers prior to 1966. â€Å"The jury also found that Mrs. Cipollone had voluntarily and unreasonably encountered a known danger by smoking cigarettes and that this conduct by Mrs. Cipollone proximately caused her lung cancer and death† (CIPOLLONE v. LIGGETT GROUP, INC†). It was decided

The Invention of the Atomic Bomb

During World War II, American physicists and engineers conducted a race against Nazi Germany to become the first to exploit the newly understood process of nuclear fission for military applications. Their secret endeavor, which lasted from 1942 to 1945, was known as the Manhattan Project. The effort led to the invention of atomic bombs, including the two that were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing or injuring over 200,000 people. These attacks forced Japan to surrender and brought an end to World War II, but they also marked a crucial turning point in the early Atomic Age, raising enduring questions about the implications of nuclear warfare. The Project The Manhattan Project was named for the Manhattan, New York, home of Columbia University, one of the initial sites of atomic study in the United States.  While the research took place at several secret sites across the U.S., much of it, including the first atomic tests, occurred near Los Alamos, New Mexico. For the project, the U.S. military teamed with the best minds of the scientific community. Military operations were headed by Brig. Gen. Leslie R. Groves, and physicist  J. Robert Oppenheimer  served as the scientific director, overseeing the project from concept to reality. The Manhattan Project cost the U.S. over $2 billion in just four years. German Competition In 1938, German scientists had discovered fission, which occurs when the nucleus of an atom breaks into two equal parts. This reaction releases neutrons that break up more atoms, causing a chain reaction. Since significant energy is released in only millionths of a second, it was thought that fission could cause an explosive chain reaction of considerable force inside a uranium bomb. Beginning in the late 1930s, a number of scientists, many escaping fascist regimes in Europe, immigrated to the U.S., bringing with them news of this discovery. In 1939, physicist Leo Szilard and other American and recently immigrated scientists tried to warn the U.S. government about this new danger but did not get a response. So Szilard contacted Albert Einstein, one of the best-known scientists of the day. Einstein, a devoted pacifist, was at first reluctant to contact the government. He knew that he would be asking them to work toward creating a weapon that could potentially kill millions of people. Einstein was eventually swayed by concerns that Nazi Germany would develop the weapon first. U.S. Government Gets Involved On August 2, 1939, Einstein wrote a now-famous letter to  President Franklin D. Roosevelt, outlining the potential uses of an atomic bomb and ways to help support American scientists in their research. In response, Roosevelt created the Advisory Committee on Uranium the following October. Based on recommendations of the committee, the government outlaid $6,000 to buy graphite and uranium oxide for research. Scientists believed that graphite might be able to slow a chain reaction, keeping the bombs energy somewhat in check. The project was underway, but progress was slow until one fateful event brought the reality of war to American shores. Development of the Bomb On December 7, 1941, the  Japanese military bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. In response, the U.S. declared war on Japan the next day and officially entered World War II. With the country at war and the realization that the United States was three years behind Nazi Germany, Roosevelt was ready to seriously support U.S. efforts to create an atomic bomb. Costly experiments began at the University of Chicago, the University of California Berkeley, and Columbia. Reactors, devices designed to initiate and control nuclear  chain reactions, were built in Hanford, Washington, and Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Oak Ridge, known as The Secret City, was also the site of a massive uranium enrichment laboratory and plant to make the nuclear fuel. Researchers worked simultaneously at all the sites to devise ways to produce the fuel. Physical chemist Harold Urey and his Columbia colleagues built an extraction system based on gaseous diffusion. At Berkeley, the inventor of the cyclotron, Ernest Lawrence, used his knowledge and skills to devise a process for magnetically separating the fuel:  uranium-235 and plutonium-239 isotopes. Research kicked into high gear in 1942. On December 2, at the University of Chicago,  Enrico Fermi  created the first successful chain reaction in which atoms were split in a controlled environment, renewing hopes that an atomic bomb was possible. Site Consolidation Another priority for the Manhattan Project soon became clear: It was becoming too dangerous and difficult to develop nuclear weapons at these scattered universities and towns. Scientists needed an isolated laboratory away from the populace. In 1942, Oppenheimer suggested the remote area of Los Alamos, New Mexico. Groves approved the site and construction began at the end of that year. Oppenheimer became the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory, which would be known as â€Å"Project Y. Scientists continued to work diligently, but it took until 1945 to produce the first nuclear bomb. Trinity Test When Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945, Vice President  Harry S. Truman  became the 33rd president of the United States. Until then, Truman had not been told of the Manhattan Project, but he was quickly briefed on the atomic bomb development. That summer, a test bomb code-named The Gadget was taken to a location in the New Mexico desert known as Jornada del Muerto, Spanish for Journey of the Dead Man. Oppenheimer code-named the test â€Å"Trinity,† a reference to a poem by John Donne. Everyone was anxious: Nothing of this magnitude had been tested before. No one knew what to expect. While some scientists feared a dud, others feared the end of the world. At 5:30 a.m. on July 16, 1945, scientists, Army personnel, and technicians donned special goggles to watch the beginning of the Atomic Age. The bomb was dropped. There was a forceful flash, a wave of heat, a stupendous shock wave, and a mushroom cloud extending 40,000 feet into the atmosphere. The tower from which the bomb was dropped disintegrated, and thousands of yards of surrounding desert sand was turned into a brilliant jade green radioactive glass. The bomb was a success. Reactions The bright light from the Trinity test stood out in the minds of everyone within hundreds of miles of the site that morning. Residents in faraway neighborhoods said the sun rose twice that day. A blind girl 120 miles from the site said she saw the flash. The men who created the bomb were astonished. Physicist Isidor Rabi expressed worry that mankind had become a threat to upset the equilibrium of nature. The test brought to Oppenheimers mind a line from the Bhagavad Gita: Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds. Physicist Ken Bainbridge, the test director, told Oppenheimer, Now were all sons of bitches. The unease among many witnesses led some to sign petitions arguing that this terrible thing they had created could not be let loose in the world. Their protests were ignored. 2 A-Bombs End World War II Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945, two months before the Trinity test. Japan refused to surrender, despite threats from Truman that terror would fall from the sky. The war had lasted six years and involved most of the globe, resulting in the deaths of 61 million people and the displacement of countless others. The last thing the U.S. wanted was a ground war with Japan, so the decision was made to drop an atomic bomb. On August 6, 1945, a bomb named â€Å"Little Boy† for its relatively small size was  dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, by the Enola Gay. Robert Lewis, co-pilot of the B-29 bomber, wrote in his journal moments later, My God, what have we done? traumlichtfabrik / Getty Images The target of Little Boy was the Aioi Bridge, which spanned the Ota River. At 8:15 that morning the bomb was dropped, and by 8:16 over 66,000 people near ground zero were dead. Some 69,000 more were injured, most burned or suffering from radiation sickness, from which many would later die. This single atomic bomb produced absolute devastation. It left a total vaporization zone of one-half mile in diameter. The total destruction area extended to one mile, while the impact of a severe blast was felt for two miles. Anything flammable within two and a half miles was burned, and blazing infernos were seen up to three miles away. On August 9, after Japan still refused to surrender, a second bomb was dropped, a plutonium bomb named â€Å"Fat Man† after its round shape. The bombs target was the city of Nagasaki, Japan. Over 39,000 people were killed and 25,000 injured. Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945, bringing an end to World War II. Aftermath The deadly impact of the atomic bomb was immediate, but the effects would last for decades. The fallout caused radioactive particles to rain on Japanese who had survived the blast, and more lives were lost to radiation poisoning. Survivors of the bombs passed radiation on to their descendants. The most prominent example was an alarmingly high rate of leukemia among their children. The bombings at Hiroshima and Nagasaki revealed the true destructive power of these weapons. Though countries throughout the world have continued to develop nuclear weapons, there have also been movements to promote nuclear disarmament, and anti-nuclear treaties have been signed by major world powers. Source Manhattan Project. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Video Game Ethical Issues Free Essays

Kuan-Yu Lin Brenda Varda HMN-101-01 10/28/2012 Ethical Issue Essay: Final Draft Video games have always been an important part of the entertainment industry since its appearance in 1970’s. They have been played worldwide and effect many people. While the children are already playing the games, the number of women gamers, as well as the age level of gamers in general is increasing. We will write a custom essay sample on Video Game Ethical Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now As technology advances, video games with more diversity and real-life experience are slowly creeping into parts of our life and gaining its momentum in the society. Due to its quick development, many ethical issues associated with video games have been brought to our attention. Therefore, we should understand how video games are ethically influencing people within its realm. The four major ethical issues which will be discussed are issues of violence, education, stereotyping and addiction. Video games are enjoying fast-growing popularity, becoming a major component of young people’s social lives and leisure activities. First of all, a major concern which has been discussed continuously regarding video games is violence. Violence in video games is considered as the visual presentation of characters fighting, gun shooting, physical injury or death to characters. Recently, more and more video games involving violent behavior are taking over the game selection on the shelves. Comparing to games made in the 70’s, 80’s, recent games feature tougher, more aggressive heroines and more games are made specifically for adults. Research consistently declares that most top-selling video games involve violence. In order to prevent the potential harm to children, youth and society of this negative influence, lots of research has focused on the consequence of violent video games. Video game research indicates that playing violent video games increases aggression, hostility, and aggressive thoughts. (Anderson, Buckley, Gentile, 2007; Anderson Bushman, 2001; Anderson, Carnagey, Flanagan, Benjamin, Eubanks Valentine, 2004;Anderson Dill, 2000). In their research, they conclude that engaging games which have content related to violence may possibly increase a person’s aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in real life. Some other studies focusing on college student playing video games also point out that students playing violent games are also engaging in more aggressive behavior. It has been claimed by many critics of the media industry that the incident at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado on April 20, 1999 was caused by the influence of violent video games. It was shown on BBC news that both students shooters, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, had played and enjoy violent video games. â€Å"Relatives of people killed in the Columbine massacre are seeking damages from computer game makers, claiming their products helped bring about the killings. † Although video games can help players relieving stress, they can also affect gamers in a harmful way. It is both the players’ and the game makers’ responsibility to be aware of the negative effects of video gaming. Games with harmful content might be leading negative effects; they still have values considered being beneficial in certain aspect. Games are popular in the community of youth and have many qualities that make them wonderful teaching tools. Through the educational perspective, both adults and children learn many things by playing video games. Games with positive content show positive effects. For example, playing a dancing video game can help children lose weight (Konami’s Dance Dance Revolution, 2007; O’Hannon, 2007; Epstein, Beecher, Graf Roemmich, 2007). As mentioned before, videogames could be an excellent tool for learning. In particular, players are learning in an active way with practice and feedback. Because they are fun, children are highly motivated with video gaming, when people are motivated, they usually perform better, thus lead in to a better result. Also, games usually have clear objectives with adaptable difficulty levels. Games with increasing difficulty across levels allow player to apply past learning. Lastly, games allow children to apply to what they learn in different problems and contexts. Some believe that video games help improve life skill such as logic and problem solving. They also can improve hand-eye coordination and leadership skills, which can be useful for military training purposes. Having realized the efficiency and the joyful quality of learning experience in gaming, educators are able to take advantage of the positive learning characteristics of games by using the well-designed software in order to teach children more effectively. While the issues associated with violence in video games have caused huge concern among children, gender, and racial stereotypes in video games are also causing problems which require more attention. There is an unbalanced proportion between male and female game players and developers. According to a recent study the average gamer age was in the mid to late 20’s with 60% men playing and 40% women. †2 The whole gaming industry is overwhelmed by the male population. Most of the games on the market are targeted to only male players. Dietz’s, one of the earliest studies to examine stereotypical portrayals in video games, analyzed the depiction of women in a sample of 33 most popular Nintendo and Sega Genesis video ga mes. The study categorized the female characters in those games into four possible stereotypes based on their appearances and behaviors. Females as sex objects or prizes, females as victims, females in feminine roles, and females as heroes or action characters. Not surprisingly, Dietz (1998) found that 41% of the games were devoid of female characters. Only 15% (5 out of 33) portrayed women as heroes or action characters, while 21% (7 out of 33) portrayed women as victims or as so called ‘damsel in distress’. At the same time, in 28% of these games, women were portrayed as sex objects based upon physical appearance or sexually-oriented actions. Following the discussion of female character as indicator of sexuality, most of the female characters in video games have clothing that exposed more skin than the male characters. The research also found out that the female characters appearing in gaming most likely wear low-cut clothing. About half of the female characters have bare arms and legs with big busted figure. * In essence, these female characters in video games were portrayed in a stereotypical way in which they were exaggerated by sexy attire. That leads to the exclusion of female players in video game industry. Although the number of game designed for female gamers is increasing slowly, it is crucial for both consumers and game makers to make the video games more engaging for both sexes either by changing the content of the game or by expanding the choice of games. They should be designed in a way that they are attractive for both male and female players. Finally, the last ethical issue I want to talk about is the addiction of engaging video games. Some people spent immense amount of time playing video games and caused them to lose valuable time participating in activities which are more beneficial for them. However, video games could be considered as one of social activities because friends, siblings, and other relatives can play with it. Bibliography (not yet in proper MLA format, I will work on in for the final paper) http://evvy09. hubpages. com/hub/Video-Games-Have-Changed-the-World http://www. ethicapublishing. com/ethical/3CH12. pdf https://www. msu. edu/~pengwei/Mou%26Peng_gender%20and%20racial%20stereotype. pdf http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/science/nature/1295920. stm How to cite Video Game Ethical Issues, Essay examples

Organization Development and Change Diversity Management

Question: Discuss about the Organization Development and Change Diversity Management. Answer: Introduction: In a highly competitive market, each organization is trying its best in order to ensure the maximization of its profit. However, an organization will fail to achieve organizational success, if it does not take into consideration the satisfaction level of its employees that in turn can help in enhancing their productivity, and improving their efficiency rate at workplace. This is exactly the problem with the small, emerging organization of Australia, The Yum, specializing in the production and sale of healthy and yet dainty food items, such as snacks and sweets, rich in nutritious content. Though the organization is an emerging one set up in the year of 2006, it has a huge prospect in future, as by exploiting innovative strategies, the organization has been able to boost its sales growth, boasting of a high rate of profitability. However, despite the rise in the revenue earning capacity of the organization, one major obstacle of the company impeding its growth in recent times, has bee n a sense of discontentment arising from lack of unity among the diverse workforce (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). The organization hires a diverse workforce, whereby the employees hired, belong to different ethnic groups, possessing various cultural identities. It has been observed on various occasions, that there is a lack of unity among the employees forming the workforce, and most of the employees do not feel a sense of belonging, while working for the organization. While most of the employees are highly professional at workplace, their competitive spirit, and almost a hostile attitude towards the employees, belonging to a different ethnic group, is de-motivating the employees (Senge 2014). This is having a direct impact on the productivity and efficiency rate of the employees (Cameron and Green 2014). Further, it has been observed that since the majority of the employees working in a subordinate position are native Australians, the appointment of a CEO and an administrative manager, belonging to the indigenous origin in the year of 2012, has also created unwanted difference among the employe es and the managerial heads. While the employee relation is at stake, the possibility of the smooth operation of the business activities of the company, in a systematically organized way is being challenged. Some of the employees, especially belonging to the minor ethnic groups, have also complained of being victimized by workplace abuse, that has led to the high employee turnover rate problems, within the company. Hence, taking into consideration the adverse impact of employee relations on the productivity of the organization, an internal organizational change management program has been proposed. As far as the internal organizational change is concerned, it can be of various types, including structural change, strategic change as well as people change (Cummings and Worley 2014). However, in case of The Yum, the people change strategy will be adopted, that will aim to achieve employee cohesion, developing a sense of belonging among each of the employees. The management of a heterog eneous workforce comes off as a huge challenge, and hence proper organizational change management programs are required to be properly addressed. Kotters 8 Step Model: Change has become the new success formula for organizations operating in the competitive industries. Each company is trying its best to change, innovate and re-invent its strategies, to stay ahead in the competition. While some organizations are trying its best to implement technological improvements, other organizations are deeming the idea of introducing change in the leadership style (Mishra 2013). As far as The Yum is concerned, the organization is doing well in generating profit for itself, and hence the change in the administrative or financial section of the company is not required immediately. Hence, the change in the organizational culture is required, which will be implemented, by employing the use of the famous model, Kotters 8 Step Model. While an organization considering introducing change at workplace, may employ the use of various models, the most effective model for this case is the 8 Step Model of Kotter. According to John Kotter, the eminent professor of the Harvard University, it is not sufficient to introduce change by formulating and implementing a strategy, as there are several important steps involved in the middle that should not be altogether overlooked (Hickman and Ojo 2014). Before explaining each step involved in the change management program implementation, it is important to state and comprehend the proposed changes. First of all, a set of stringent workplace policies should be introduced, that will mandate the recruitment of an inclusive workforce. There should be strict rules that as and when the organizational vacancy arises, employees should be recruited, making a separate reservation for the ethnically minor groups of people. These policies will render a legal framework to the organizational problem, and hence it will reduce the possibility of policy violation within the organization. It should be noted that The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act of 1986 as well as the Racial Discrimination Act of 1975, have mad e it mandatory for the organizations, operating in Australia, to introduce an inclusive workforce (D'Netto et al. 2014). Besides, making stringent rules is not sufficient, and hence a supervisory committee will be set up, that will be entrusted with the duty of monitoring the employee relations within the organization, and whether each policy is being properly followed by the employees. Again, the organization will arrange a variety of workshops, seminars and training programs that will help in developing the cultural awareness and a sense of unity among the employees, of the diverse workforce (Whitworth et al. 2014). It is not sufficient to train and educate the employees regarding the needs to be friendly with the co-employees, but The Yum will also ensure that the employees enjoy a sense of co-ordination and collaboration for accomplishing a single task. Accordingly, each week, the organization will arrange interactive sessions and fun, interesting activities, whereby each employ ee will learn and explore about his colleagues, and the participation will be mandatory for all. In accordance with the 8 steps involved in the diagram, the implementation of the organizational change will be introduced. Create an Urgency: First of all, it should be noted that none of the employees will agree to participate in the seminars, or stay back after scheduled official time, for participating in the interactive sessions, if the employees do not feel a sense of compulsion. Hence, the management authority must adopt an organized approach, whereby the employees will be asked to attend important meetings at least two times a week, before the change is being introduced. The meetings can be hosted by the managers, whereby they will communicate how diverse workforce benefits other organizations, and hence should be implemented in The Yum as well. Form a Powerful Coalition: The importance of the coalition cannot be understated. For the successful implementation of the plan, it is highly important that a group of change leaders is being chosen who will have a clear idea about the scope and direction of the plan (Calegari et al. 2014). Since the CEO and the administrative manager themselves have been victimized by the problem of cultural differences, it is discreet to choose the HR managers and the Directors of the organization. Besides, a few employee relation experts should also be hired who will also explain the benefits of having an organized workforce, and will motivate the employees to participate in the workshops and training programs. Create a Vision for Change: The introduction of a sudden change can lead to undesirable resistance from the employees. The employees may not comprehend the importance of the proposed change, unless they are being convinced of a meaningful vision (Calegari). Accordingly, a vision will be created, focusing on the importance of achieving employee unity in increasing the profitability of the organization. Communicate the Vision: The vision will be communicated by the higher authority to the employees, explaining both the importance of accomplishing the vision, as well as mentioning the time period within which the organization aims to achieve the vision (Osiyevskyy and Dewald 2015). Empower and Remove the Obstacles: Once the vision and the change are being introduced it is important to inspire each employee to follow the change. Hence, accordingly, even after the change is being implemented, the organization will ensure that it holds meetings at regular intervals, for the purpose of motivating the employees, to embrace the change. Besides, the employees must be encouraged to provide their feedback, doubts or queries regarding the change, if any. Create Short-Term Wins: The generation of the short-term wins is important for incentivizing the employees to work harder for the change (Osiyevskyy and Dewald 2015). As and when slight improvements in the employee relation is being observed, the organization will build momentum and enthusiasm among the workers. For example, The Yum can announce a monthly award for The Friendliest Employee or The Best Partner to Work with, so as to improve employee relation. Build on the Change: Even after the change is being implemented, the organization should keep on building on the change, by hiring employees belonging to the indigenous groups, or promoting employees of minor ethnic groups to managerial designations, provided they possess the required skill and professional expertise. Make it Stick: The proposed change should stay with the organization. Hence, the supervisory committee should regularly monitor and supervise the change within the organization. In case of the violation of the policies, it should be ensured that immediate action should be taken (Calegari et al. 2015). The implementation of the change is expected to bring about organizational success. Cultural diversity in workplace implies the diversity of skills, professional expertise and knowledge, that is sure to benefit the organization. The Yum is expected to benefit as a result of the multiple perspectives and professional knowledge of a variety of employees. Besides, cultural diversity is an important issue that each Australian organization is needed to be taken into consideration. Since Australia is one of the most culturally diverse nations, workplace diversity is a very sensitive issue. In case, any emerging organization is being accused of having workplace diversity problems, the organization may lose its brand recognition in the consumer market (Barak 2013). On the other hand, a more unified diverse workforce will always feel motivated to increase its efficiency, ultimately benefitting the organization. Many Australian organizations have been found to have participated in a national t elevision campaign, for promoting the economic benefits of hiring a diverse workforce. The campaign has rightly emphasized that a well-managed workforce also helps to reduce the huge cost involved in case of high employee turnover problems. With the introduction of a well-organized culturally diverse workforce, the return on investment as well as the share price is expected to increase. Besides, Australian government has strict rules that mandate the existence of a highly diverse workforce, and hence even recognizes companies by offering ACLWs Diversity Award and AHRI HR Awards for promoting workplace diversity (Mason and Aramovich 2013). Needless to state, these awards and accolades will help the organization gain recognition in the local as well as overseas market. This will definitely have a desirable impact on the economic realm of the organization. A sense of unity and a sense of belonging help to motivate and enthuse the employees, who intend to work harder for the accomplishm ent of goals. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, an organization suffers from a huge financial expenditure, if it loses a single employee, while on the other hand, the retention of the employees, helps in ensuring organizational success in the long run. By introducing change in the organizational culture, the company will be able to motivate its employees, by creating a positive work environment to work in. Besides, as a culturally diverse workplace, the organization will also be able to gain easy recognition among the masses, which will have a direct, positive impact on the consumer purchasing behavior. As and when a strategy is being formulated, its successful implementation will not only rely on the individual employee, but also on the shared vision of the employees. In case the employees have differences among themselves, it will be difficult to accomplish the tasks that require joint effort and coordinated approach (Tynjl 2013). In absence of employee unity, the organ ization is likely to encounter challenges such as employee conspiracy, backstabbing and hypocrisy. As and when the employees will be working with selfish interests or biased attitudes, they will fail to contribute to the overall success of the organization. As far as the external factors are concerned, it should be noted that the Australian government follows a strict legal framework, that seems to justify employee equality and fair treatment at workplace, and hence the implementation of the proposed change will be legally supported. However, on the other hand, since the majority of the employees at The Yum are native Australians, the employees may show resistance and reluctance during the initial phase. Hence, the selection of the most suitable change agents, for persuading the employees to embrace the change, and accomplish the common goals is highly important (Bond and Haynes 2014). Conclusion: Each organization works on the principle of team work, as the employees are required to accomplish the tasks by co-coordinating with each other. Since there is a continuous sense of collaboration needed, for implementing any strategy, the organization should necessarily introduce a well-organized diverse workforce. A sense of unity and belonging created by an organization, is important, if the organization intends to achieve success. The organization, by implementing the proposed change, will be able to enhance the employee engagement. While the training programs can train the employees about the benefit of having a diverse workforce, the workshops and seminars will be able to potentially influence the behavior and the communication style to be adopted by the employees. Again, the unification of team can be easily achieved by the incorporation of the fun, interesting activities, such as games, quiz shows or family get together activities. These steps help in developing mutual love, c are, trust and co-ordination among the employees, ensuring a healthy workplace. Besides, the implementation of the strict workplace policies, encouraging and promoting employee unity, also helps in increasing shareholder value of the organization. The more culturally aware the organization is, the more will the organization succeed in attracting the attention of the consumers. Reference List: Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. 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